最终得到解决了，前面access_token成功获取到之后进行如下步骤，希望能帮到和我遇到类似问题的人

const url = 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/subscribe/send?access_token='+access_token; //发送模板消息的接口
        
        const requestData = { //发送模板消息的数据
            "touser": openid,
            "access_token":access_token,
            "template_id": "模板id",
            'data': {
                'phrase1': {
                    'value': '成功'
                },
                'thing2': {
                    'value': '维修审核'
                },
                'thing5': {
                    'value': '您可以进行后续操作'
                },
                'character_string6': {
                    'value': '13'
                },
                'date3': {
                    'value': dateFormat(new Date(), "yyyy-mm-dd HH:MM:ss")
                }
            }
        };
        request({
            url: url,
            method: 'post',
            body: requestData,
            json: true,
            headers: {
                "content-type": "application/json",
            },
        }, function(error, response, body) {
          console.log(body)
        });

48001看代码没用，参数问题