https://developers.weixin.qq.com/miniprogram/dev/wxcloud/reference-http-api/storage/uploadFile.html

我实在是找不出问题出在哪里了？可以跟我说我是哪里有误了？

需要你替换 （你的appid 你的secret 你的云环境ID 你的图片上传路径） 
再设置浏览器可以跨域就可以运行了

  
  (async function() {
      const appid = '你的appid'
      const secret = '你的secret'
      const env = '你的云环境ID'
      const path = '你的上传路径'

      function getToken() {
        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
          $.ajax({
            url: `https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=${appid}&secret=${secret}`,
            type: 'get',
            success: function(res) {
              resolve(res.access_token)
            }
          })
        })
      }


      function getUrl() {
        return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
          $.ajax({
            url: 'https://api.weixin.qq.com/tcb/uploadfile?access_token=' + access_token,
            /*接口域名地址*/
            type: 'post',
            contentType: "application/json", //必须有
            dataType: "json", //表示返回值类型，不必须
            data: JSON.stringify({
              "env": env,
              "path": path
            }),
            success: function(res) {
              resolve(res);
            }
          })
        })
      }
      const access_token = await getToken()
      const data = await getUrl()


      $('#upload').on('click', function() {
        console.log('$("#photo")[0].files[0]', $("#photo")[0].files[0])
        var formData = new FormData();
        formData.append("file", $("#photo")[0].files[0]);
        formData.append("key", path);
        formData.append("Signature", data.authorization);
        formData.append("x-cos-security-token", data.token);
        formData.append("x-cos-meta-fileid", data.cos_file_id);
        console.log('formData', formData)
        $.ajax({
          url: data.url,
          /*接口域名地址*/
          type: 'post',
          // headers: {
          //   contentType: "multipart/form-data"
          // },
          // 'Content-Type': "multipart/form-data",
          data: formData,
          contentType: false,
          processData: false,
          success: function(res) {
            resolve(res);
          }
        })
      })
    })()